Can someone shed some lights on what temporal does?
Their blog says [1]
Durable Execution offers three key benefits:
It improves application reliability by providing fault tolerance.
It simplifies code by allowing it to focus on the goal instead of potential problems.
It accelerates development by eliminating the need to write complex error-handling logic.
So... like exception handling? or something like erlang's let it crash mantra?
Why is it such a big deal? Genuine question, not trying to be snarky
It’s an async job runner that scales well. Yeah they advertise a lot of fancy features, but really what they are selling is solid failure-resistant infra. Companies could set the same thing up with an in-house team, but it’s pretty great to be able to click a button and start running workloads at tens or hundreds of thousands of RPS without needing to figure out the internals.
Not the same thing, because celery and the like are sdk-level abstractions that need you to plug in your own queue (usually Redis, Kafka) and all other components. The Temporal server deployment includes the full control plane, queue, persistent database, UI and everything else. So you only need to manage your worker boxes.
Durable execution comes with overhead that you'll need to determine whether or not fits your use case. If you're looking for raw speed then durable workflows are going to be a steep trade off. Most workflows should be durable by default, though, so it is more the rule than the exception.
Basically, a multi-step event handling system, where the data could be spread across multiple databases/systems, so there's no way to rollback a transaction atomically across all the databases. Instead, you explicitly codify "compensations" to undo your previous commits so that you eventually end up in a consistent state.
Temporal is the orchestrator/framework/library to implement the above in an easier way.
IME, it works, but at the cost of a pretty large amount of overhead, both in performance and (I think more importantly) cognitive.
Honestly I never did come to a satisfying conclusion on whether I thought it was worth it. The teams I worked on that used it found it neither simple nor easy to use, and I was never sure whether we were really reaping the benefits of correctness in the face of failure at the scale we were running. We eventually migrated everything off of it, and everyone was happier, but perhaps (probably) we had more lurking bugs in distributed failure cases. But to my knowledge we never tracked down an incident to the kind of problem that temporal solves.
I guess I'd say that I like durable execution (or at least temporal specifically, it's the only system like this that I've used) in theory, but not really in practice.
Say you've got a process that spans a bunch of services and touches the real world. Some ecommerce check out for example.
You need to reserve some inventory, charge a card, eventually email a customer and steps can go wrong. So you have queues, and retries and ways to back things out, undo changes.
To my understanding, Temporal's idea is to factor that part out, the queues and retries, and offsetting actions, so you write the logic and not the workflow orchestration.
When you write traditional distributed systems/cloud native code you have to handle all the failures and retries somewhere. Anyone who's run an Ansible playbook or similar and had a failure halfway through leave the state of the systems in a weird half-state is familiar. Or dealt with spot preemptions or nodes failing or getting unlucky with OOM killer or hardware failures or a myriad of other failure modes.
In Temporal, you use their SDK to mark which code is either:
- Deterministic without external dependencies on network, disk, clock, etc.
- Non-deterministic (e.g. accesses a filesystem, dependent on clock time, talks over the network)
You can write the code without handling flakiness or retries and the Temporal control plane handles all the progress tracking and retries for you. Progress is tracked at the individual line of code for deterministic code, or for non-deterministic code, tracked at function boundaries defined by the programmer. You buy into more complexity upfront, but it makes the application code way simpler and easier to manage overall.
They do a lot of other cool stuff on top of all this, and their Temporal Worker Controller architecture is particularly well suited to running massive scale processing/AI workloads on Kubernetes (handles a lot of stuff like autoscaling without interrupting work, rainbow version rollout, etc.)
Asking what temporal is? The founders (Maxim Fateev and Samar Abbas) originally made Amazon Simple Workflow Service (SWF), Azure Durable Task Framework (DTF), and Uber Cadence. Temporal is the latest in the long line of workflow systems they've built. It's a task engine with state, recovery and highly scalable. It's cool stuff, and it simplifies many business workflows when it comes to recovery and scaling. There are many similar systems on the market today that mimic durable functions but Temporal is arguably the best.
Thank you for all the explanations. I think I have better understanding now.
Another question, at what scale (in terms of number of services, and maybe throughput? what other dimensions?) should we start considering using temporal?
I think scale is less important than other considerations. For me the biggest motivator is when the use case prefers doing something exactly-once, the downside risk of failure is high, and robust failure handling is moderately complex. The canonical example I use is healthcare communications; others use payment/fulfillment.
Also having a unified control plane is handy even at a pretty small scale if your alternative is going full “cloud native” on hyperscaler microservices. The ability to see what’s happening when and where across a single workflow run is a dream compared to all the traditional logging approaches I’ve seen.
temporal makes you split up your async tasks explicitly into a message (a request to fulfill a task, thrown up to a temporal server), and a task handler (pulling a tasks-request from a queue, from the temporal server), rather than both wrapped in a vanilla request/response cycle.
temporal centralizes all the error handling, retry handling, ... some web pages to manage failed, pending tasks.
it's been good for us, but a real step function in complexity of the app.
This is a rough explanation, but generally it does a couple of things that are helpful.
Functionally, it's a "workflow" runner (ex - you can mostly treat it like a queue, where you've got workers that are picking up work to do).
But it wraps a couple of pretty handy features on top like:
- It preserves most arguments to actions, and it makes system details deterministic for retries (ex you can re-run a workflow at a later time, and temporal will make sure the code sees details like date and time as though it were the original run, and will yell at you if you try to write code that won't be deterministic on retries)
- It supports very long waits easily. (ex - very easy to have a workflow do a couple things, wait a week, then do some more things).
- It has decent profiling and UI tools
- It can "restart" a failed workflow deterministically from the step at which it failed (using details from the original point)
---
Basically - it's a background worker service that's put a lot of time and thought into ways to handle failures better.
It absolutely still has some considerable pain points though, and I find it difficult to use for larger tasks (ex - their message gRPC size limit of 4mb is a b*&^% to work around, since it often breaks a lot of the utility they provide, and the history cap at 50mb is also really painful in certain situations.)
Really - I think it was just the right tool at the right time to make calling LLMs with long waits relatively easy and somewhat foolproof.
Another cool thing is it handles version rollouts. Say a customer started some kind of business process on v1.1 of your code, and then you deploy v1.2. You can configure whether that customer should continue that process on v1.1 - even if it's something that takes a long time in the real world - or whether they should be upgraded to 1.2. And it's not just one version but you can do this with an entire rainbow of versions across your business (think A/B testing, custom workflows for different use cases, lots of dev and staging environments, etc.)
Absolutely love temporal, but pretty shocked to see they have a $12.55B valuation.... feels nuts?
We're using temporal as the foundation for agents running on our platform doing accounting work for clients, it's proven extremely effective and I love how durable workflows are within temporal.
+100 on the technology, but realizing they are also VC funded makes me a little more cautious when it comes to vendor lock in.
> Our annualized revenue run rate is up more than 200% year over year, and net dollar retention's stayed above 200% since February. In August alone, the platform processed 1.9 trillion billable actions, up more than 350% year over year, while open source installs passed 43 million, up 134% since December 2025. We're now working with more than 4,300 paying customers, up 139% year over year, including OpenAI, Snap, NVIDIA, and JPMorgan Chase.
Temporal doesn't run your AI compute for you, you bring your own hardware on prem or in your cloud account or whereever. Their SaaS is a control plane to coordinate and orchestrate the workers.
A few key differences. Restate has a more flexible programming model. You don't write workflows with activitities, but just durable processes/handlers. Durable steps execute inline and get persisted over an open streaming connection in Restate (low latency, lower overhead per durable step, sharing resources like sandboxes) instead of working with a pull-model where each activity executes remotely on a worker. Restate has a lean deployment model with a single binary that can be deployed multiple times to have a highly-available cluster (potentially spread across multiple regions). It is used for large-scale production clusters, and so lightweight here does not mean less reliable than Temporal.
You can do the same things with Temporal like sleep for months etc. You can learn more here: https://restate.dev/vs/temporal
The responses to this thread seem to be from people who are familiar with Temporal but haven't ever actually used Restate. They're both durable execution platforms, with differences mostly around how abstractions are organized and how orchestration of work happens (Temporal has you setup worker pools that pull from a queue while Restate pushes to service handlers). If some of your infra runs on serverless providers, Restate will often be a more natural fit.
Sure, Temporal is more mature and battle-tested, but Restate is quite nice and I honestly prefer it in most cases.
EDIT:
I started drafting this reply before seeing someone from the Restate team chimed in.
Those two don't really compare. Temporal has been around 3 years longer and is a much more heavyweight system. Temporal can support workflows that sleep for months at a time and still reliably finish.
I'm sure there is a place for restate.dev, but it isn't in the same place as Temporal.
Like Temporal, Restate supports workflows that sleep for months at a time and let's them reliably finish.
It actually does many more useful things. For example, you can have services that remember state across invocations and there is no need for continue-as-new.
Since Restate allows inlining durable steps into your workflow, it is very easy to co-locate your workflows with expensive resources such as sandboxes or other per-node resources. And the nice thing is that each durable step is really cheap and adds only minimal overhead.
AI workflows are a convenient fit for temporal, their platform is great for much more than just those. It’s an elegant and easy to use solution for a lot of workflow needs.
I understand that Restate and Temporal look similar from a superficial perspective but Restate is not only a durable execution engine but a durable runtime that also provides consistent state and reliable communication. These are the building blocks to build reliable agents and applications w/o having to fit them into a workflow-activity like model. If you want to learn more about how Temporal differs from Restate, check out https://restate.dev/vs/temporal.
Can someone shed some lights on what temporal does? Their blog says [1]
Durable Execution offers three key benefits:
So... like exception handling? or something like erlang's let it crash mantra?Why is it such a big deal? Genuine question, not trying to be snarky
[1] https://temporal.io/blog/what-is-durable-execution
It’s an async job runner that scales well. Yeah they advertise a lot of fancy features, but really what they are selling is solid failure-resistant infra. Companies could set the same thing up with an in-house team, but it’s pretty great to be able to click a button and start running workloads at tens or hundreds of thousands of RPS without needing to figure out the internals.
Can I understand it as a performant celery with a UI?
Not the same thing, because celery and the like are sdk-level abstractions that need you to plug in your own queue (usually Redis, Kafka) and all other components. The Temporal server deployment includes the full control plane, queue, persistent database, UI and everything else. So you only need to manage your worker boxes.
A Rust equivalent to Celery would be something like Apalis [0]. Where every job is just an async function, similar to a Celery task.
[0]: https://github.com/apalis-dev/apalis
With better ergonomics around handling failures.
Durable execution comes with overhead that you'll need to determine whether or not fits your use case. If you're looking for raw speed then durable workflows are going to be a steep trade off. Most workflows should be durable by default, though, so it is more the rule than the exception.
I think it's useful for implementing Sagas https://temporal.io/blog/saga-pattern-made-easy
Basically, a multi-step event handling system, where the data could be spread across multiple databases/systems, so there's no way to rollback a transaction atomically across all the databases. Instead, you explicitly codify "compensations" to undo your previous commits so that you eventually end up in a consistent state.
Temporal is the orchestrator/framework/library to implement the above in an easier way.
Does it actually work?
In a past job, they tried to implement a similar thing on much lower scale with bidirectional database migrations.
Fortunately, they were mostly ran in one direction.
IME, it works, but at the cost of a pretty large amount of overhead, both in performance and (I think more importantly) cognitive.
Honestly I never did come to a satisfying conclusion on whether I thought it was worth it. The teams I worked on that used it found it neither simple nor easy to use, and I was never sure whether we were really reaping the benefits of correctness in the face of failure at the scale we were running. We eventually migrated everything off of it, and everyone was happier, but perhaps (probably) we had more lurking bugs in distributed failure cases. But to my knowledge we never tracked down an incident to the kind of problem that temporal solves.
I guess I'd say that I like durable execution (or at least temporal specifically, it's the only system like this that I've used) in theory, but not really in practice.
"Why is it such a big deal?"
It's used by OpenAI.
Say you've got a process that spans a bunch of services and touches the real world. Some ecommerce check out for example.
You need to reserve some inventory, charge a card, eventually email a customer and steps can go wrong. So you have queues, and retries and ways to back things out, undo changes.
To my understanding, Temporal's idea is to factor that part out, the queues and retries, and offsetting actions, so you write the logic and not the workflow orchestration.
When you write traditional distributed systems/cloud native code you have to handle all the failures and retries somewhere. Anyone who's run an Ansible playbook or similar and had a failure halfway through leave the state of the systems in a weird half-state is familiar. Or dealt with spot preemptions or nodes failing or getting unlucky with OOM killer or hardware failures or a myriad of other failure modes.
In Temporal, you use their SDK to mark which code is either:
- Deterministic without external dependencies on network, disk, clock, etc.
- Non-deterministic (e.g. accesses a filesystem, dependent on clock time, talks over the network)
You can write the code without handling flakiness or retries and the Temporal control plane handles all the progress tracking and retries for you. Progress is tracked at the individual line of code for deterministic code, or for non-deterministic code, tracked at function boundaries defined by the programmer. You buy into more complexity upfront, but it makes the application code way simpler and easier to manage overall.
They do a lot of other cool stuff on top of all this, and their Temporal Worker Controller architecture is particularly well suited to running massive scale processing/AI workloads on Kubernetes (handles a lot of stuff like autoscaling without interrupting work, rainbow version rollout, etc.)
Asking what temporal is? The founders (Maxim Fateev and Samar Abbas) originally made Amazon Simple Workflow Service (SWF), Azure Durable Task Framework (DTF), and Uber Cadence. Temporal is the latest in the long line of workflow systems they've built. It's a task engine with state, recovery and highly scalable. It's cool stuff, and it simplifies many business workflows when it comes to recovery and scaling. There are many similar systems on the market today that mimic durable functions but Temporal is arguably the best.
Thank you for all the explanations. I think I have better understanding now. Another question, at what scale (in terms of number of services, and maybe throughput? what other dimensions?) should we start considering using temporal?
I think scale is less important than other considerations. For me the biggest motivator is when the use case prefers doing something exactly-once, the downside risk of failure is high, and robust failure handling is moderately complex. The canonical example I use is healthcare communications; others use payment/fulfillment.
Also having a unified control plane is handy even at a pretty small scale if your alternative is going full “cloud native” on hyperscaler microservices. The ability to see what’s happening when and where across a single workflow run is a dream compared to all the traditional logging approaches I’ve seen.
> So... like exception handling?
Yes...with eventual consistency.
If your process OOMs, if the machine restarts, etc.
Plus some other distributed execution advantages.
temporal makes you split up your async tasks explicitly into a message (a request to fulfill a task, thrown up to a temporal server), and a task handler (pulling a tasks-request from a queue, from the temporal server), rather than both wrapped in a vanilla request/response cycle.
temporal centralizes all the error handling, retry handling, ... some web pages to manage failed, pending tasks.
it's been good for us, but a real step function in complexity of the app.
This is a rough explanation, but generally it does a couple of things that are helpful.
Functionally, it's a "workflow" runner (ex - you can mostly treat it like a queue, where you've got workers that are picking up work to do).
But it wraps a couple of pretty handy features on top like:
- It preserves most arguments to actions, and it makes system details deterministic for retries (ex you can re-run a workflow at a later time, and temporal will make sure the code sees details like date and time as though it were the original run, and will yell at you if you try to write code that won't be deterministic on retries)
- It supports very long waits easily. (ex - very easy to have a workflow do a couple things, wait a week, then do some more things).
- It has decent profiling and UI tools
- It can "restart" a failed workflow deterministically from the step at which it failed (using details from the original point)
---
Basically - it's a background worker service that's put a lot of time and thought into ways to handle failures better.
It absolutely still has some considerable pain points though, and I find it difficult to use for larger tasks (ex - their message gRPC size limit of 4mb is a b*&^% to work around, since it often breaks a lot of the utility they provide, and the history cap at 50mb is also really painful in certain situations.)
Really - I think it was just the right tool at the right time to make calling LLMs with long waits relatively easy and somewhat foolproof.
Another cool thing is it handles version rollouts. Say a customer started some kind of business process on v1.1 of your code, and then you deploy v1.2. You can configure whether that customer should continue that process on v1.1 - even if it's something that takes a long time in the real world - or whether they should be upgraded to 1.2. And it's not just one version but you can do this with an entire rainbow of versions across your business (think A/B testing, custom workflows for different use cases, lots of dev and staging environments, etc.)
Absolutely love temporal, but pretty shocked to see they have a $12.55B valuation.... feels nuts?
We're using temporal as the foundation for agents running on our platform doing accounting work for clients, it's proven extremely effective and I love how durable workflows are within temporal.
+100 on the technology, but realizing they are also VC funded makes me a little more cautious when it comes to vendor lock in.
> Our annualized revenue run rate is up more than 200% year over year, and net dollar retention's stayed above 200% since February. In August alone, the platform processed 1.9 trillion billable actions, up more than 350% year over year, while open source installs passed 43 million, up 134% since December 2025. We're now working with more than 4,300 paying customers, up 139% year over year, including OpenAI, Snap, NVIDIA, and JPMorgan Chase.
Congrats to Temporal! They'd just previously raised in February, https://temporal.io/blog/temporal-raises-usd300m-series-d-at...
Any absolute rev numbers?
Why isn't there more love for dbos.dev ?
in the age of agents, surely durable execution is a must.
but the money being raised - what is it for ? go to market ? sponsorship & I like that temporal sponsored Crystal Palace.
we've so many good durable execution engines.
this is the type of VC pollution that will cause companies to end up being acquired by an Italian silverware company (bending spoons).
I’m in an interview loop with them. Hopefully that money is for building my wealth.
> but the money being raised - what is it for ?
Buying DRAM?
Temporal doesn't run your AI compute for you, you bring your own hardware on prem or in your cloud account or whereever. Their SaaS is a control plane to coordinate and orchestrate the workers.
That’s 1/3 what IBM paid for Red Hat, simply insane.
Can someone tell me why people prefer temporal over something like https://restate.dev?
Hi! I work for Restate
A few key differences. Restate has a more flexible programming model. You don't write workflows with activitities, but just durable processes/handlers. Durable steps execute inline and get persisted over an open streaming connection in Restate (low latency, lower overhead per durable step, sharing resources like sandboxes) instead of working with a pull-model where each activity executes remotely on a worker. Restate has a lean deployment model with a single binary that can be deployed multiple times to have a highly-available cluster (potentially spread across multiple regions). It is used for large-scale production clusters, and so lightweight here does not mean less reliable than Temporal.
You can do the same things with Temporal like sleep for months etc. You can learn more here: https://restate.dev/vs/temporal
How do “stream over an open connection” and things like “sleep for months” play together?
Naively without digging into the code I would look at a “streaming over an open connection” as likely to strictly more brittle.
The responses to this thread seem to be from people who are familiar with Temporal but haven't ever actually used Restate. They're both durable execution platforms, with differences mostly around how abstractions are organized and how orchestration of work happens (Temporal has you setup worker pools that pull from a queue while Restate pushes to service handlers). If some of your infra runs on serverless providers, Restate will often be a more natural fit.
Sure, Temporal is more mature and battle-tested, but Restate is quite nice and I honestly prefer it in most cases.
EDIT:
I started drafting this reply before seeing someone from the Restate team chimed in.
Those two don't really compare. Temporal has been around 3 years longer and is a much more heavyweight system. Temporal can support workflows that sleep for months at a time and still reliably finish.
I'm sure there is a place for restate.dev, but it isn't in the same place as Temporal.
Disclaimer: I am a co-founder of Restate.
Like Temporal, Restate supports workflows that sleep for months at a time and let's them reliably finish.
It actually does many more useful things. For example, you can have services that remember state across invocations and there is no need for continue-as-new.
Since Restate allows inlining durable steps into your workflow, it is very easy to co-locate your workflows with expensive resources such as sandboxes or other per-node resources. And the nice thing is that each durable step is really cheap and adds only minimal overhead.
AI workflows are a convenient fit for temporal, their platform is great for much more than just those. It’s an elegant and easy to use solution for a lot of workflow needs.
Restate is directly inspired by Temporal.
Disclaimer: I am a co-founder of Restate and might be biased.
Restate's spiritual father is Stateful Functions (https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-statefun-docs-maste...) a library for event driven applications built on top of Apache Flink. If you want to learn more about why we started building Restate, I recommend this excellent blog post https://restate.dev/blog/why-we-built-restate.
I understand that Restate and Temporal look similar from a superficial perspective but Restate is not only a durable execution engine but a durable runtime that also provides consistent state and reliable communication. These are the building blocks to build reliable agents and applications w/o having to fit them into a workflow-activity like model. If you want to learn more about how Temporal differs from Restate, check out https://restate.dev/vs/temporal.
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